13th-Month Pay
13th-month pay is a statutory bonus equal to one month's salary, mandated in many Latin American, European, and Asian countries. In some jurisdictions it is paid as a single lump sum; in others it is split across two payments per year.
13th-month is not a discretionary bonus; it is a legal entitlement, and treating it as optional causes wage-and-hour claims. Some countries also mandate 14th-month pay. When budgeting international hires, employer total-cost calculations must include 13th (and 14th where applicable) plus employer social contributions, on top of gross salary.
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